Hyperpigmentation including melasma are both skin conditions characterized by the darkening of patches or areas of the skin. However, there are some key differences between the two:
Causes:
Hyperpigmentation can result from various factors, including sun exposure, post-inflammatory responses (such as acne or skin injuries), hormonal changes(melasma), certain medications, and genetic factors.
Melasma is primarily caused by a combination of hormonal factors, sun exposure, and genetic predisposition. Hormonal changes, such as those occurring during pregnancy or while taking hormonal contraceptives, can trigger melasma.
Location:
Hyperpigmentation can occur on any part of the body and is not limited to sun-exposed areas. It can appear as isolated dark spots, patches, or diffuse discoloration.
Melasma typically appears symmetrically on the face, especially on the cheeks, forehead, bridge of the nose, and upper lip. It can also occur on other sun-exposed areas of the body, such as the neck and forearms.
Depth of pigmentation:
Hyperpigmentation can occur at various depths in the skin. Some forms, like post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, may be more superficial and easier to address.
Melasma, The dark patches in melasma tend to be deeper in the skin (dermal and mixed type), making it more challenging to treat compared to surface-level pigmentation.
Triggers and exacerbating factors:
Hyperpigmentation: Sun exposure is a common trigger for hyperpigmentation, especially when UV radiation stimulates melanin production.
Melasma: Hormonal fluctuations, sun exposure, heat, and certain medications can trigger or worsen melasma. Emotional stress and genetic factors may also play a role.
It's important to note that both hyperpigmentation and melasma can vary in severity and require individualized treatment plans.
